Cross Cultural Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culturally diverse Managment - Essay Example In this unique situation, along these lines, social insight can be depicted as the capacity of people in the working spot to build up a reasonable working condition regardless of their affiliations (Ang and Livermore, pp.38; Earley, Ang and Tan, pp.3). This paper will target breaking down two articles trying to discover which article is the most relevant to demonstrating the significance of ‘Cultural Intelligence’ (CQ) to the administrator of Global Alliances. The paper will join both hypothetical and handy supports on the significance of ‘Cultural Intelligence’ (CQ) in any association. As indicated by Triandis, much the same as in Peterson, (pp.177) and Lundby (pp.301), social insight is fundamental for endurance of any association. In his work, he shows that no prospering cooperation can exist without the staff grasping the parts of social knowledge. Triandis (pp.20) shows that if the association must be fruitful in instilling sentiments of social insight among the laborers, they must be quick to distinguish any sort of imperfections that may be existent in the work environment that may hold effective joining of essentials that can teach underlying foundations of social knowledge among the laborers. ... This involves the capacity of the people to comprehend the recognitions and practices of the concerned gatherings with respect to their social foundations. Of substance, he underlines that on account of differing societies, people must rush to concentrate more on the setting of their workforce dissimilar to substance of what they may have conveyed. Now and again people are probably going to carry on as indicated by the manner in which others act in differing societies, a factor Triandis (pp.20) alludes to as ideocentrism. He additionally clarifies the idea allocentrism that may adjust flourishing of social knowledge in the working environment. On a viable viewpoint, on account of a director, it would be advantageous in the event that one evaluates a wide range of data given by the concerned gatherings, before making a judgment particularly if debates exist between segments of representatives. Gathering unmistakable proof not at all like implications or pieces of information would be advantageous to the chief. Besides, socially wise people must be quick to distinguish practices that exist in the predicament in the working environment (Livermore, pp.53). This deciphers, over the span of coinciding in the workplace, there are higher possibilities that people may strife because of connections in the general public. Triandis (pp.22) demonstrates that odds are plausible that people are probably going to strife in the journey to make their suppositions heard in the work environment. For all intents and purposes, the directors may consider assembling a wide range of data that would permit them make decisions that are one-sided, however to benefit the whole work environment. On another view point, a socially canny individual is one that can deal with conditions that radiate from social fluctuations. Triandis

Changes And Urban Expansion In Greater Dhaka Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(84) measure variances in LULC using satellite informations ( [ Coppin etA al. This review assesses old termland utilization modifications and urban augmentation in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh, somewhere in the range of 1975 and 2003 using satellite pictures and financial informations. Spatial and transient kineticss of old termlandnext term use/spread old termchangesnext term were measured using three Landsat pictures, an administered order calculation and the post-characterization old termchangenext term detecting strategy in GIS. Precision of the Landsat-inferred old termlandnext term use/spread maps extended from 85 to 90 % . We will compose a custom article test on Changes And Urban Expansion In Greater Dhaka Environmental Sciences Essay or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The examination uncovered that huge developing of developed nations in Greater Dhaka over the review time frame came about significant reducing in the nation of H2O natural structures, developed old termland, following term vegetation and wetlands. old termUrban land expansionnext term has been for the most part determined by lift, populace developing and financial turn of events. Fast old termurban expansionnext term through infilling of low-lying nations and meadow of verdure brought about a wide extent of ecological effects, including living space quality. As reliable and current informations are absent for Bangladesh, the old termlandnext term use maps delivered in this review will loan to both the improvement of supportable old termurban landnext term utilization arranging conclusions what's more for computing conceivable henceforth old termchangesnext term in developing structures. Urbanization is one the most across the board anthropogenetic reasons for the loss of cultivable old termlandnext term ( Lopez, Bocco, Mendoza, A ; Duhau, 2001 ) , living space obliteration ( Alphan, 2003 ) , and the decrease in regular verdure screen. The progress of country nations into old termurbannext term nations through advancement is by and by occurring at an uncommon rate in ongoing mankind's history and is holding an articulated result on the characteristic activity of biological systems ( Turner, 1994 ) . Albeit old termurbannext term nations by and by spread just 3 % of the Earth ‘s old termlandnext term surface, they effectsly affect ecological conditions at both nearby and planetary graduated tables ( [ Herold etA al. , 2003 ] and [ Liu and Lathrop, 2002 ] ) , including clime old termchangenext term ( Grimm, Grove, Pickett, A ; Redman, 2000 ) . Since biological systems in old termurbannext term nations are firmly affected by anthropogenetic exercises, well additio nally going to is by and by being coordinated towards managing old termchangesnext term in old termurban landnext term use and old termlandnext term screen ( LULC ) ( Stow A ; Chen, 2002 ) . Such surveies are particularly of import on the grounds that the spacial highlights of LULC are utile for understanding the varying effects of human action on the general biological status of the old termurbannext term condition ( Yeh A ; Li, 1999 ) . LULC old termchangenext term because of human exercises is by and by proceeding with more quickly in creating states than in the created universe, and it has been anticipated that by the twelvemonth 2020, the majority of the universe ‘s mega metropoliss will be in creating states ( World Bank, 2007 ) . Expanding populace in creating metropoliss has caused fast old termchangesnext term in LULC and expanded ecological degradation ( Holdgate, 1993 ) . The outcome of populace is curiously pertinent given that the planetary old termurbannext term populace is anticipated to about copy by 2050 ( UN, 2008 ) . So as to mitigate the harming impacts related with old termurbannext term developing on the earth and to keep ideal biological system activity ( Fang, Gertner, Sun, A ; Anderson, 2005 ) , spacial and transient LULC structures, and the elements affecting these old termchangesnext term ( Serra, Pons, A ; Sauri , 2008 ) , are well of import in creating judicious monetary, cultural and ecological strategies ( Long, Tang, Li, A ; Heilig, 2007 ) . Bangladesh has encountered fast old termurbannext term populace developing in ongoing decennaries ; the populace numbered 14.1 million out of 1981, 22.5 million of every 1991, 31.1 million out of 2001 ( BBS, 2001 ) and 35 million out of 2005 ( CUS, NIPORT, A ; MEASURE, 2006 ) . Quick urbanization has prompted the transmutation of rustic nations into created nations, and it has been evaluated that more than 809A km2 of horticultural old termlandnext term is changed over to metropoliss, streets and base yearly ( BBS, 1996 ) . The reducing in agrarian exercises, the biggest division of the Bangladeshi financial framework, and the specialist loss of developed old termlandnext term is probably going to loan to landlessness, supplement shortages and imperil the monetary framework ( Ahmad, 2005 ) . Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is required to be the third biggest city known to mankind by 2020 ( World Bank, 2007 ) and the fast old termurbannext term becoming experienced by the city in late decennaries is one of the most noteworthy known to man ( [ Islam, 1999 ] and [ Islam, 2005 ] ) . old termUrban expansionnext term of Dhaka was delayed during the 1950s, however solid developing followed the independency of Bangladesh in 1971 ( Chowdhury A ; Faruqui, 1989 ) . The extensive becoming seen in the number of inhabitants in Dhaka is thought to hold happened in light of huge scope rustic past termurbannext term movement, which has contributed, essentially to the expanded pace of urbanization ( Islam, 1996 ) . To day of the month, the natural and financial manageability of Dhaka, which is key for advancement arranging, has gotten nearly little joining in. This has brought about boundless natural employments over the city, generally originating from impromptu urbanization, broad old termurbannext term need, lasting scenes of implosion treatment, critical developing of ghettos, advancement of assets, and the confusion of constrained old termlandnext term assets ( Hasan A ; Mulamoottil, 1994 ) . Geographic Information Systems ( GIS ) and inaccessible discovery ( RS ) are amazing and cost-productive devices for estimating the spacial and fleeting kineticss of LULC ( [ Hathout, 2002 ] , [ Herold etA al. , 2003 ] , [ Lambin etA al. , 2003 ] and [ Serra etA al. , 2008 ] ) . Far off inclination informations give significant multi-transient informations on the methods and types of LULC old termchange, following term and GIS is utile for work and dissecting these structures ( Zhang etA al. , 2002 ) . In add-on, review and predictable brief inclusion from orbiters is exceptionally utile in nations where old termchangesnext term have been fast ( Blodget, Taylor, A ; Roark, 1991 ) . Besides, since computerized files of remotely detected informations give the opportunity to examine chronicled LULC old termchanges, following term the geographic type of such old termchangesnext term corresponding to other ecological and human variables can be assessed. Various old termchangenext term detecting techniques have been created to gauge changes in LULC using satellite informations ( [ Coppin etA al. You read Changes And Urban Expansion In Greater Dhaka Environmental Sciences Essay in classification Paper models , 2004 ] , [ Lu etA al. , 2004 ] and [ Singh, 1989 ] ) . Of these strategies, the pre-and post-arrangement comparings have been broadly utilized ( [ Coppin etA al. , 2004 ] and [ Singh, 1989 ] ) . In the pre-arrangement assault, processs, for example, picture differencing ( Toll, Royal, A ; Davis, 1980 ) , band proportioning ( Nelson, 1983 ) , old termchangenext term vector examination ( Johnson A ; Kasischke, 1998 ) , direct multi-date classification ( Li A ; Yeh, 1998 ) , greenery record differencing ( Townshend A ; Justice, 1995 ) and guideline constituent investigation ( Fung A ; LeDrew, 1987 ; Hartter, Lucas, Gaughan, A ; Aranda, 2008 ) have been created ( [ Hardin etA al. , 2007 ] , [ Jensen, 1996 ] and [ Singh, 1989 ] ) . T he essential premiss of these processs is that old termchangesnext term in LULC result in contrasts in the pel coefficient of reflection esteems between the day of the long periods of inclusion. Be that as it may, while these strategies are useful for turn uping old termchange, following term they can non place the idea of old termchangenext term ( Ridd A ; Liu, 1998 ) . On the other hand, post-characterization comparings analyze old termchangesnext term over clasp between freely arranged old termlandnext term screen informations. Regardless of the difficulties related with post-grouping comparings ( [ Coppin etA al. , 2004 ] and [ Singh, 1989 ] ) , this method is the most broadly utilized for putting LULC old termchangesnext term ( [ Jensen, 1996 ] and [ Lu etA al. , 2004 ] ) , curiously in old termurbannext term situations ( Hardin etA al. , 2007 ) . Be that as it may, one of the disservices related with this assault is that reality of the end point LULC old termchangenext term ma ps relies upon reality of the single order, expecting that such procedures are proficient to mistake augmentation ( Yuan, Sawaya, Loeffelholz, A ; Bauer, 2005 ) . Be that as it may, such post-order methods are unconventionally utile for bring forthing ‘from-to ‘ maps ( Jensen, 1996 ) , which can be utilized to clear up the greatness, area and nature of the old termchangesnext term indicated ( Howarth A ; Wickware, 1981 ) . In add-on, the method can be utilized using informations obtained from indicators with various spatial, transient and ghastly presentations ( [ Alphan, 2003 ] and [ Coppin etA al. , 2004 ] ) . RS is extremely adequate for representing the cooperations among individuals and the old termurbannext term conditions in which they live ( Gatrell A ; Jensen, 2008 ) . Space-borne orbiter informations are curiously utile for d

Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures - OppLoans

Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures - OppLoans Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures? Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures?Water bills are on the rise. Heres how you can cut your consumption and, in turn, your utility costs.Since last year, the average water bill has increased by 3.6% in 50 cities, according to a 2019 study by Bluefield Research, making it the eighth straight year of increases. And since 2012, water bills have increased by 31%, which has outstripped inflation as well as the pace of increases for groceries and gas.With the cost of water bills on the rise, the average U.S. household can expect to pay $104 a month for water and sewer bills this year. That amount of money can be challenging for households that are struggling to pay the bills. In fact, according to a PEW research study, most people â€" nearly 70 percent â€" who take out payday loans do so to pay for ordinary recurring monthly expenses, such as utilities like water.Conserving water is always good for the environment, but with these stats in mind, it’s also clear that it’s good fo r your pocketbook. Let’s take a look at a few ways to kill two birds with one stone.Cut down on lawn maintenanceAccording to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), lawn irrigation makes up almost one-third of all residential water use, which works out to 9 billion gallons a day. What’s more, the EPA estimates 50% of water used outdoors is wasted due to bad water systems and  watering practices. Here are some tips for cutting down on outdoor water waste:Reconsider your foliage. Consider replacing the standard green grass that likely covers your lawn with native plants. According to the U.S. Forest Service, native plants not only use less water than traditional lawns (because they have already adapted to the climate in which you live), they require less or no fertilizers and pesticides, reduce air pollution, and provide a home and food for native insects and wildlife. In some areas, the root systems of native plants can actually strengthen the structure of the soil and in crease its ability to store water, which reduces rain run off. They usually require little to no maintenance, too.Cut down on lawn watering. The EPA says if families followed its WaterSense guidelines when it comes to watering their lawns, they could each save an estimated 9,000 gallons a year.And while it costs money and time to take steps â€" such as reworking your irrigation system or landscaping with native plants â€" to cut down on water, simply letting your lawn wither is a legitimate option that costs nothing. If your neighbors raise a fuss, you can tell them that you’d rather not contribute to the 4.5 billion gallons of water that we waste on lawns every day.Look for local incentives. If you live in an area that is affected by drought, there may even be an incentive program to help you switch out your lawn for more sustainable options. Right now in Southern California, the Metropolitan Water District is offering a rebate program that pays $2 for every square foot of remove d lawn.Conserve water in the bathroomShowers, sinks, toilets. The bathroom is an easy place to target for increasing water efficiency and savings. However, it may require some personal adjustments.Mind your own habits. One of the easiest (and free) ways to save money on your water bill is to challenge yourself to take shorter showers. According to the Regional Water Providers Consortium (RWPC), every minute you shave off in the shower can save up to 2.5 gallons of water. Throughout the course of a month, that 1 minute per day calculates to about 75 gallons a month. For a family of four, that’s 300 gallons.While you’re at it, don’t let the water run continuously while you brush your teeth. Everyone’s favorite purple dinosaur was on to something, because according to The Water Project, you can reduce your teeth-brushing water usage by 80% if you just turn the tap on in short bursts.Install a high-efficiency showerhead. These cost about $10 to $20 at your local hardware store, and can save an additional 1 gallon of water per minute. The RWPC recommends testing whether or not you could benefit from a high-efficiency showerhead by placing a bucket in the shower. Turn the shower on and time how many seconds it takes for the water to hit the 1 gallon mark. If it takes less than 20 seconds, you could benefit from a high-efficiency showerhead.Upgrade your loo. If you are looking for a longer-term solution, consider switching out your toilet for one that is WaterSense certified. According to the EPA, these toilets can save up to 13,000 gallons of water per year â€" or about $130 a year on your water bill. You can find basic WaterSense models for less than $100, so in theory, it would take less than a year to make back the cost in savings.Reduce water use in the kitchenThe kitchen is another place in your home that is rife with opportunities to waste water and unnecessarily inflate your water bill:Fully fill the dishwasher. If you have a dishwasher, start by neve r running it unless it’s full. If you think about it, the dishwasher uses the same amount of water whether it is full or not, and the RWPC estimates that just one less-than-full load wastes 8 to 10 gallons of water. The EPA says  only running the dishwasher when it’s full means one less run every week, which saves the average family about 320 gallons annually.Skip the rinse. The RWPC also recommend scraping your dishes, rather than rinsing them before putting them in the dishwasher. They estimate this can save you up to 20 gallons of water. Most modern dishwashers and detergents are designed to clean your dishes properly so you don’t have to rinse them before being washed. If you do need to rinse the dishes because they sat out too long, use the rinse feature on your dishwasher, which will use much less water than your rising by hand.Reconsider hand-washing if you have the choice. Many people think that hand-washing dishes uses less water than the dishwasher, but it actually o nly takes about 4 minutes of running water from the tap to equal the amount of water used in a conventional dishwasher; it would be less if you have an energy-efficient one.If you do have to hand-wash, fill your sink with soapy water, and only use the faucet again to rinse the soap from dishes. You save about 2.5 gallons of water for every minute your kitchen faucet does not run, the RWPC says.Monitor for leaks and fix them immediatelyThe EPA estimates that 1 trillion gallons of water are wasted each year in U.S. homes due to leaks, and the average household leaks 10,000 gallons each year (or enough to do 300 loads of laundry). This calculates to about 10% of your water bill, so catching and fixing leaks can be a serious money saver.The EPA’s WaterSense program has created a 10-minute checklist for finding leaks in your home, which includes monitoring your water bill and meter in addition to testing your toilets, showers, taps, and more for leaks. There are a couple big red flags when it comes to water leaks:For example, if you check your water bill and notice that your family of four is using more than 12,000 gallons (16 CCF) per month in the winter, chances are you have a leak somewhere. Likewise, if you monitor your water meter for a two-hour period when no one is using water in your home, and it does not read exactly the same at the end, then you likely have a leak. The EPA recommends reading these tips for monitoring both your water bill and your water meter.How it all adds upMany Americans take water use for granted because it can seem relatively inexpensive. But if pricing trends continue their upward climb, water won’t be this cheap for long, and besides, there is no reason to pay for unnecessary water usage.To prove this point, take a look at Circle of Blue’s graph of average monthly water costs for U.S. families. In 2018 a four-person family using 150 gallons of water per person per day paid an average of $112.04 a month. If that family reduced its water usage by 100 gallons per person per day, the bill was only $35.49 â€" a savings of more than $76 a month or $918 per year. That may seem like a lot of water to cut, but the savings that come with minor lifestyle changes can really add up.

Workplace Diversity The Visible Or Invisible Differences...

Workforce Diversity defines the visible or invisible differences among employees of an organization and could be divided in to three major components such as Primary, Secondary and Organizational and Community. Factors such as Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Ethnicity represents Primary while Appearance, Educational Background, Marital Status, Work experience represents Secondary and Job position, Specialization, Nationality, Life stage represents Organizational and Community. In recent years, organizations spend more in diversity management as most of the organizations consist with employees from different backgrounds. Further, diversity in an organization is a significant factor that may affect the performance of an organization positively or negatively. For example, it can create innovation, empowerment, information sharing, and productivity when well managed and can cause discrimination, power play, miscommunication and control when managed poorly. This essay summarizes five articles including a base article that will link workplace diversity to organizational performance and then will compare the agreements and disagreements of the articles. Prieto, Phipps and Osiri’s (2009) has investigated a previous research of how workplace diversity influences on organizational performance and has outlined the potential be nefits and problems of diversity. The main objective of the authors is to provide a conceptual framework that would allow practitioners and scholars to designShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior1638 Words   |  7 Pagesmotivation and perception ï  ® group: teams, communication, job design, and leadership ï  ® organization-wide: change, culture and organizational structure ï  ® interorganizational (network): outsourcing, organizational networks, strategic alliances and mergers - interdisciplinary roots ï  ® psychology: work teams, work motivation, training and development. 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The Y2k Catastrophe And Its Effects On Society - 1450 Words

The Y2K Catastrophe In The midst of a rising industrial climate, the 1990s was a time for change and expansion. On December thirty-first, 1999 nearly every developed nation in the world anticipated the oncoming new millennium. After strike of midnight, January first, 2000 a forecasted event would take place, and many in the world were anxious to comprehend the supposed inevitable. The occurrence of the Y2K scare changed the way the world revolves around technology during the time period, which has lasting residual effects on society. The fear that drove society and a complete farce was the idea that everything on which the modern world relied would simply come to a halt at the turn-of-the-century. This contemporary concern of the time over technology caused an alarming dissonance between people s daily realities and the threat of an impending apocalyptic future. At the height of computer development, for convenience purposes, digital programmers used two digit codes in place of the years. For example, instead of writing 1986, computer engineers simply dated programs with 86, the â€Å"19† was left out purposefully. Engineers compressed data usage to save storage, which at the time was very costly and took up unnecessary space. Eventually these programmers realized that once the year 2000 comes around then, the dates would revert to â€Å"00† which computers will assume to be 1900. A simple date change to humans would equal a major blunder to a computer. This glitch held theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Destructive Nature of Technology2066 Words   |  9 Pages   From that first day that man discovered fire, the human race has continued its never-ending search to accomplish tasks in the most expedient manner possible. Society has decided that technology can be used to solve most of its immediate problems. This quest has bro ught us many useful things such as the telephone, the automobile, the oven, the CD player, etc. and has made living a little more enjoyable. If that were all, there would be no need to even mention these facts other than to advertiseRead MoreCrisis and Emergency Management15250 Words   |  61 Pagesinstrumental for efficient crisis and emergency management. I am confident that you will find this guide a path-breaking contribution to our ongoing journey to make the Public Service of Canada an institution recognized for its value-added to the Canadian society. I would like to thank the Roundtable’s Chair, Andrà © Gladu, former Deputy Minister of Canada Economic Development, for his commitment and leadership. I also applaud the invaluable contribution of the Roundtable members who volunteered their time andRead MoreTrends in Workplace17940 Words   |  72 Pagescommunications departments. Leadership development Leadership development is, arguably, the most critical issue faced by organizations today. While there is no shortage of other critical issues for business leaders--ranging from global economic crises, the Y2K problem, finding qualified workers in a tight job market, and keeping up with rapid shifts in technological advancements--none of these problems can be successfully addressed and resolved without the benefit of thoughtful, creative, and visionary leadersRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesAffiliates program at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University, the EDS Corporation, British American Tobacco, SAP-America, Teradata Corporation, the Center for Information Systems Research at MIT’s Sloan School of Management, and the Society for Information Management (SIM). Our deep appreciation goes out to the reviewers of the sixth edition, who helped make the seventh edition better: T.C. Bradley, III, Indiana University; Chiang-Nan Chao, St. John’s University; Abbas Foroughi, University

Armchair Economist book report Essay - 1090 Words

Economic theories are as wide as an economists vision to think. In the Steven Landsburg book The Armchair Economist - Economics and Everyday Life, Landsburg takes many of these economic theories and relates them to everyday type scenarios and makes them understandable to a beginning economist. He breaks his book into six sections each relating to different types of economics, from personal to national theories. Landsburg talks about the power of incentives in his first chapter. What he is referring to is how incentives drive peoples decisions to do things in life. He makes an analogy that Seatbelts kill. This statement refers to the added protection one gets from wearing a seatbelt, which will entice someone†¦show more content†¦price their tickets too high chances are they may not sell out and also limit the number of consumers who are capable of purchasing these tickets. Pricing a ticket correctly can also lead to sales of more tickets and additional products. With buying a ticket at a reduced price leaves the fan with more money (consumer surplus) to purchase more items, possibly cd?s, shirts, posters etc. Although taxes are a necessity in American society Landsburg discusses how they are bad in relation to the economy. He explains how ?Deadweight loss? is costly to both the consumer and the seller. These taxes tend to take money out of the economy and make it less efficient. There are a number of different ways to look at deadweight loss. Everyday we as consumers have to deal with this Deadweight loss. When we go to buy gasoline (which by the way is ridiculously priced right now) there are many taxes that have been imposed on each gallon. These taxes restrict us consumers from taking that money and spending it on something else that we would much rather have or need. Another way the economy experiences this deadweight loss is in the mere fact that consumers may not purchase and item due to the overall cost with the tax. A consumer may be willing to pay 5.00 for a burger but with the tax it takes the total cost to 6.00. The consumer does not buy. This in turn takes that money out of the economy for the moment.Show MoreRelatedEthics And The Corporate World2649 Words   |  11 Pagesand balances that are supposed to, as he writes, â€Å"keep a company from running amok . . .† (Sloan 18). In short, company executives have a moral and legal responsibility to keep their books and records honestly (Sloan 18). Outside auditors – in this case, Arthur Andersen – are supposed to ensure that financial reports meet strict regulations and provide an accurate picture of what is going on (Sloan 18). Wall Street analysts are supposed to analyze company numbers properly (Sloan 18). And one mainRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Ikea Malaysia3764 Words   |  16 Pagesthe factories to the stores cheaper, it also allows customers to transport most of their shopping with their own cars. 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International Business Management and Capital †Free Sample

Questions: 1. Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities to produce and/or market in a foreign country. FDI may take the form of Greenfield investments (i.e., the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country) or mergers with/acquisitions of existing firms in the foreign country. Please answer the following questions regarding FDI. Discuss the benefits and costs (inward) FDI offers/imposes on host countries. Discuss the benefits and costs (outward) FDI offers/imposes on home countries. Likewise, address some of the home-country and host-country policy options for encouraging/restricting outward and inward FDI, respectively. 2. If a firm is changing its strategy from an international to a transnational strategy, what are the most important challenges it is likely to face in implementing this change? How can the firm overcome these challenges? 3. You are working as a general manager for the headquarter organization of Toyota in Japan. The firm has recently opened operations in the emerging market of Argentina. You have been asked by the CEO to recommend someone from your department to send to the firms subsidiary there. What aspects would you need to consider in identifying the right person for the job? Moreover, how would you prepare the selected individual for this overseas assignment? Discuss. 4. In a world of zero transportation costs, no trade barriers, and nontrivial differences between nations with regards to factor conditions (i.e., resources such as land, labour, and capital), firms must expand internationally if they are to survive. Discuss. Answers: 1. Benefits and Costs of Inward FDI on Host Countries The four important benefits of FDI for host countries are effect of resource transfer, effect of added employment, balance of payment effects and impact on economic and competition. Management, capital, technology are the effect of resource transfer. The MNEs and local suppliers create direct and indirect jobs. Current account surpluses and deficits are occurred as a result of balance of payment effects (Dowling et al., 2009). The costs include loss in economic independence, importing of things by subsidiaries (foreign) and outflow of earnings. Benefits and Costs of Outward FDI on Home Countries The benefits include creating demands in exports, new jobs in the field, more foreign earnings, providing benefits to consumers at lower prices, higher value activities of resources and employees and gathering knowledge on operation on a foreign location. The costs include loss in the local jobs and loss of trade balance due to exports. Home Country and Host Country Policy Options Home country policy includes tax incentives, capital assistance and political pressure on companies. Other policy options include prohibiting companies while investing in particular countries. Host country policies include loans with low interest, subsidies, tax concessions, etc. 2. Strategies of internalisation are also known as globalisation. Strategies of globalization are different from transnational strategies. It can be related to the concept of glocalization. There are certain things that internalization or globalization strategies consider. However, if a company changes its strategies from globalization to transnational, then it will face problems both at organizational level and at global level (Dowling et al., 2009). The values of their products to the customers are also changing. It can create a change in perception of the customers towards the particular brand. Transnational strategies must have different sets of goals to the community as well as to the company. The company can also face in the management issues of the subsidiaries that are present in the different foreign locations. The challenges can be overcome by planning the transnational strategy in a particular time in a way so that they can be implemented in the right time. A proper channel of communication is being maintained so that the companies can take necessary action in the challenges faced by them in the marketplace as well as in the organizational level. In many cases, new transnational strategies must be formulated to mitigate the gaps created due to change. 3. The company is headquartered in Japan. In its Argentina operations, one employee must be chosen so that he can successfully fulfil the requirements of the Argentina branch. There are different types of assignments that companies have in their subsidiary branches. They are traditional assignments and short-term assignments. If the operations of Argentina branch fall under traditional assignments, then some considerations are there that the management of Toyota have to emphasize. The considerations are development of management, filling various positions in the skill gap, organizational development, managerial control, etc. While selecting the desired candidate for sending him in Argentina branch, some factors will be considered such as cross-cultural stability, technical ability, language, requirements of the MNE (Toyota), family requirements, etc. The candidate should be trained in a way so that he can get a detailed idea about the project or assignment he will be handling in the foreign location. The measures of effectiveness should be communicated to the candidate so that he will not face any issues in handling problems (Dinnie, 2015). 4. In the world of globalization, a country cannot produce its own required goods and services of its own. Every country is depended on products of other countries to provide the necessary goods to its people. Hence, export import of goods is a common practice in the field of business (Peterson et al., 2012). Now the concept of free trade and zero transportation cost is valid all over the world. Hence, it is very easy for the countries to trade with other countries. Compared to previous situation, the legislations of governments of the countries are flexible enough so that they can also take advantage from the host country (Wild et al., 2014). Firms can expand their operations, easily by considering some factors. International human resource management is common practice that are followed by many domestic companies in order to expand their operations in the target foreign countries. Proper selection of entry modes along with PESTEL analysis is to be conducted by the companies while penetrating into foreign markets. References Dinnie, K. (2015).Nation branding: concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Dowling, P., Liesch, P., Gray, S. and Hill, C.W., (2009). International business. McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. Peterson, M. F., Arregle, J. L., Martin, X. (2012). Multilevel models in international business research.Journal of International Business Studies,43(5), 451-457. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.